Background: It is known that Pseudoexfoliation causes corneal endothelial cell loss, increased anterior chamber inflammation and glaucoma. The associated features of Pseudoexfoliation includes iris transillumination defects in the pupillary margins, poor pupillary dilatation, heterochromia iris. Purpose: The purpose of present study is performing SICS in psedoexfoliation patients and its complications. Methods: We have conducted cross sectional study in all the patients with visual disturbances attending ophthalmology outpatient department GGH, Ananthapur. Study duration five months, sample size 50 patients.
All patients were subjected to detailed slit lamp examination and following were looked for:- (1) Conjunctiva‐ congestio. (2) Cornea‐ edema, pigmentation, exfoliation material, pigment disper. (4) Iris‐ pattern, transillumination defect. (5) Pupil‐ size, reaction to light, exfoliation material, dilatation with mydriasi. (6) Lens‐ exfoliation material, cataract type, phacodonesis, subluxation or dislocation of lens.
Fundus was examined with direct ophthalmoscope and slit lamp biomicroscopy to look for glaucomatous change in the disc and gonioscopy and IOP were measured. If patient undergoes cataract surgery A scan, keratometry, IOL calculation with SRK 2 formula. Results: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is a significant risk factor for development of glaucoma. Conclusion: Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome is a significant risk factor for development of glaucoma, with good visual outcome.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

Fingerprints and dermal ridge pattern are unique with each individual. Even fingerprints are different between similar twins also. The fingerprints of both hands are not the same. Fingerprints do not change size or shape throughout a person’s life, except in cases of serious injuries that scar the dermis. Therefore our objective to study the patterns of finger print among the students of FAAMC, Barpeta in relation to blood groups by using 10 finger attributes. After analysis the present study reveals that there is significant association between different fingerprint patterns in  ABO blood group. In our study the commonest fingerprint pattern observed was whorls followed by loops and then arches. Whereas in Rh +ve blood group same findings were observed but in Rh –ve blood group only loops were recorded. This study is an attempt to associate fingerprints with different blood groups and Rh blood types which will enhance the authenticity of fingerprints in identification in forensic medicine. Hence we can strive to use the study to link fingerprints with blood types which can augment the accuracy of fingerprints in recognition and revelation of culprit and help in forensic medicine to identify the victim.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

Introduction: The epidemic of tobacco use is one of the paramount threats to global health today. Tobacco is chewed, smoked, sucked, and sniffed and is the one product which is deleterious to the populaces, when it is used entirely as intended. Aims: Evaluation of Tobacco Use in oral cavity and periodontal health in patients visiting Tobacco Control Unit. Materials and Methods: The present study was an Observational Descriptive Study. This Study was conducted from January 2020‐December 2023. Total 1036 patients were included in this study. Result: Our study showed that, most of patients had habit Type Bidi with Provisional Diagnosis (Pd) Periodontitis Group [581 (69.3%)] compared to without Pd Periodontitis [113 (57.1%)] but this was statistically significant (p=0.0009). Conclusion: We concluded that the substantial negative consequences of tobacco usage on patients’ oral and periodontal health in Burdwan are highlighted by this observational study. Deeper periodontal pockets, more clinical attachment loss, and poor oral hygiene were all substantially correlated with tobacco use and the severity of periodontal disease. Furthermore, tobacco users had a significantly greater prevalence of tobacco-related oral diseases such leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

Background: Bladder cancer is one of the common neoplasms of lower urinary tract with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Parameters like tumour grading, size, staging alone have minimal role to specify progression, disease recurrence and treatment response. Ki67 immunoexpression represents proliferative subsets of tumour cells indirectly denoting aggressiveness of the tumour. As molecular alteration precedes phenotypic change, immunohistochemical study may be a valuable tool for screening patients and early identification of aggressive cancers. This study aims to compare Ki67 immunoexpression and histopathological grading in urothelial neoplasms of bladder. Aim: The primary objective is to correlate the grading of tumor with Ki 67 immunoexpression in various urothelial neoplasms of bladder. Study Design: This is an Observational study which was done at department of Pathology, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, and Rajasthan, India. Total 40 paraffin embedded tissues of urothelial carcinoma cases were taken for the study. The intensity of Ki 67 nuclear staining was graded and compared with histopathological grading. Results: In present study high grade carcinomas have high ki67 expression and graded as 3+ and 4+, whereas low grade carcinomas have low Ki67 expression and graded as 1+ and 2+. Out of 40 cases pTa, cases had 2+ Ki-67 positivity, with none showing higher positivity. In contrast, pT1 cases showed 4+ ki67 positivity. pT2a, and pT4a stages exclusively exhibited 4+ positivity, while pT2b had mix of 3+ and 4+ positivity. This indicated that higher stages generally correlate with increased Ki-67 positivity. Conclusion: The observations of the study emphasize the use of Ki 67, in addition to tumour grade and stage to predict the clinical outcome of patients and thereby helps in identifying high risk patients. These patients are frequently followed up and may benefit by additional adjuvant therapies.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

Background: Lung cancer continues to be the cause of most deaths due to cancer worldwide. Of all lung cancers, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the largest proportion. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of immunohistochemistry in the subtyping of lung carcinoma and the prevalence of EGFR mutations in different histological types. Methods: The samples included 60 lung cancer patients who were screened from the Department of Pathology, Dr. S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur, within the period between March 2023 and March 2024. Each subgroup included 20 patients of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma, respectively. For subtyping, IHC markers were applied-TTF-1, Napsin-A, p63, synaptophysin, and chromogranin-and EGFR mutation status through IHC analysis. Results: The mean age of patients was 63.05 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 3.6:1. Most were right medial and left upper lobes carcinomas (21.67%). Of the IHC-proven adenocarcinomas, 100% showed EGFR positivity, whereas 80% of squamous cell carcinomas exhibited EGFR positivity. No small cell carcinoma cases demonstrated the presence of EGFR mutations. A majority (69%) of EGFR-positive cases were scored as 3+. Conclusion: EGFR mutation status is the most significant marker for targeted therapy in selected patients. This study highlights the value of using IHC panels to accurately sub-type lung carcinomas, especially when small biopsy specimens are taken into consideration and can also serve as a gateway to EGFR-targeted therapy for advanced cases of lung cancer.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

Background: Gliomas are the most common and aggressive brain tumors; they have a diverse histopathological subtype with variable clinical behavior. This study aimed at evaluating the epidemiological, histopathological, and molecular characteristics of gliomas with particular respect to expression IDH-1 mutation. Methods: The study was carried out from March 2023 to March 2024 at the Department of Pathology, Dr. S.N. Medical College, and Jodhpur. A total of 60 different cases with glioma were taken, and the study recorded their respective histopathological diagnoses. Their IDH-1 mutation status was assessed using immunohistochemistry, and the distribution of gliomas was analyzed according to age, gender, WHO grade, and tumor site. Result: The maximum number of gliomas were detected in the 41-50 years age group, and male-to-female ratio was found to be 2.52:1. The most common histopathological type was glioblastoma. IDH-1 positivity was more prevalent in low-grade gliomas as compared to high-grade gliomas. The most common site for gliomas was found to be the frontal lobe, and out of these, 83.33% of cases showed positivity for IDH-1. There was a statistically significant association between the presence of IDH-1 positivity and the lower WHO grades. Conclusion: In this study, IDH-1 mutations play a significant role in glioma pathogenesis, especially in glioblastoma. The marker is valuable for prognosis and prediction and thus constitutes a putative therapeutic target, especially in high-grade gliomas.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.