Background: Presently Medical education in India is in transforming phase from traditional curriculum to competency-based medical education (CBME) and clinical pharmacology as block 1 elective is a part of it. We found no research done in this field in our country and there is lack of knowledge about the impact of implementing clinical pharmacology as Block 1 elective posting. The areas like prescription audit, prescription writing, case follow up, Pharmacoeconomics, Peer group teaching and skill performance were included. Aims: Our aim was to formulate ideas for successful implementation of clinical pharmacology as elective posting. Settings and Design: The study was a prospective, observational, cross-sectional study done on final prof part 2 students of our institution who pursued clinical pharmacology as elective in SRIMS Durgapur from 12/05/2023 to 10/06/2023. Materials and Methods: The outcome measured in terms of validated feedback questionnaire supplied in printed format. Data were analysed using SPSS version 17 and Microsoft Excel 2007. The data obtained were expressed as mean, SD and SEM. Results: A total of 35 students from 38 allotted students responded. 94% students responded that the course details adequately explained to them. Nearly 91% students were able to interact ask questions to the facilitators. 89% students thought that facilitators focused on communication skills. Most of the students found (83%) the course organised well. Conclusions: The students chosen clinical pharmacology as elective were benefitted by getting more clinical pharmacology exposure that will help them in further development of clinical knowledge and practice.

Introduction: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a common occurrence among patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our study aimed to assess the variations in psychiatric comorbidities and life challenges between individuals with Rheumatoid arthritis plus FM (secondary fibromyalgia [SFM]) and those with primary FM (PFM). Materials and Methods: We recruited 45 patients with PFM and 53 with SFM for the study. This cross-sectional, observational study involved structured interviews with patients diagnosed with PFM and SFM to determine lifetime occurrences of major depression (MDD), panic disorder (PD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Additionally, participants were evaluated for childhood/adulthood adversities and the severity of FM-related symptoms. Results: Univariate analysis revealed significantly higher lifetime rates of MDD in PFM compared to SFM, as well as higher rates of PD, with no notable difference in PTSD rates. Furthermore, rates of sexual abuse and physical neglect were notably higher in PFM patients than in SFM patients. Life events occurring before the onset of FM differed between the PFM and SFM groups. In the logistic regression model, lifetime PD and physical neglect emerged as independent risk factors for PFM. Conclusion: These findings indicate that PFM and SFM exhibit differences in psychiatric comorbidities and environmental adversities, suggesting that a common pathogenesis may manifest through distinct pathways.

Background and Aim: Automate peripheral blood count for the diagnosis of anemia is a fundamental process, and the instrument can give some of the basic and advanced parameters; however, there is a need to depend on a manual microscopic scan of peripheral smear for the morphological correlation and other clues which the cell analyzers cannot determine. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between Abbott cell dyn ruby- 5 part analyzer automated haematology analyzer histograms and peripheral smear utilising blood samples from the pathology department at HIMS HASSAN. Material and Methods: In this investigation, 2000 patients’ peripheral blood smears were examined and linked with cell counters produced RBC indices and histograms. Source of data: CBC samples sent for analysis received at Department of Pathology, GAIMS, Bhuj, and Gujarat. RBC indices were observed in conjunction with the histogram pattern. • Microcytic hypochromic anaemia • normocytic normochromic anaemia • macrocytic anaemia • dimorphic anaemia • haemolytic anaemia. Results: The majority of those affected by anaemia were between the ages of 31 and 50. That the majority of patients (69.2%) had Microcytic hypochromic anaemia and displayed diverse histograms. In all, 14% of histograms were normal, 27% had a left-shifted curve, 43% had a broad-based curve, 5% had a short peak, and 6% had a bimodal peaked histogram. In our study, we observed cases of Microcytic hypochromic anaemia with less than normal ranges of Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) and increased Red cell Distribution Width (RDW). Conclusion: Technologists can use histograms to help them identify the cases that call for specialised peripheral smear testing. The RBC Histogram becomes a valuable diagnostic tool when the proper interpretation of the curve is combined with the results of blood count features like red cell distribution width and red cell indices.

Introduction: Organophosphorus (OP) poisoning is a burning health issue in a agriculture dependent country like India. Its exposure is a serious threat that may affect human and animal health because of their various toxicities. Glycemic status of the patient who has consumed organophosphorus compound may help us to predict the severity and prognosis in such patients. Aims and Objectives: (1) To check glycemic status by random blood glucose level at time of admission in acute organophosphorus poisoning. (2) To correlate the blood glucose level with severity and prognosis. Method: this was a prospective analytical study, done at Dept of medicine, AGMC & GBPH from July 2022 to June 2023 with 100 patients. Results: Patients were categorized into hypoglycemic (35%), euglycemic (53%) hyperglycemic (12%) & the outcome in terms of mortality was 57.14%, 5.66% and 41.67% in the respective groups. Further, random blood sugar was compared with POP and PSS to look for statistically significant association between the extremes of glycemic status and higher grades of clinical severity scores using Chi-square test. The established Peradeniya Organophosphorus Poisoning Scale (POP) and Poisoning Severity Scale (PSS) revealed the study to be statistically significant (p value= 0.001) indicating both the extremes of glycemic status are associated with high clinical severity and poorer outcomes.

Background: As per the proposal of ISO: 15189: NABL -112& CLIA guidelines, a laboratory should ideally establish its own reference intervals for all the parameters specific to the population it serves. Accordingly, a project was taken up to revise and update the reference interval of lipase in the population attending the departmental clinical lab. Material & Methods: This observational, cross sectional database study was carried out at Department of Biochemistry in a teaching hospital. 126 individuals were included in the study provided they satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: On statistical analysis of the compiled data, it was found that the values of lipase ranged from 47.96 U/l – 51.79 U/l(95% confidence interval) with a mean was of 49. 87 U/L. Skewness was found to be 0.990 and kurtosis 1.572 which assured the normal distribution of healthy study population.  No significant age and sex differences were found among males and females. Significance was considered at P value <0.05. Conclusion: We found that the reference interval of the reagent manufacturers were set at a bit higher level for the population and it needs to be updated. This study also established reference interval of lipase did not show significant age and sex differences, suggesting that males and females share the same reference interval.

Medication errors represent a critical challenge in healthcare, posing risks to patient safety and well-being. This article explores the diverse spectrum of medication errors, aiming to shed light on their complexities and implications for clinical practice. Pharmaceutical omission accounted for 43.51% of all pharmaceutical errors and occurred nearly three times as often as the second most common form of mistake. During the study period, Pharmacist has reported highest medication errors [648 (48.04%)] followed by nursing staff and Doctors [461 (34.17%)] and [240 (17.79%)] respectively. The majority of medication order errors happened during hospital admission (60.12%), which is twice as high as the error rate during the hospital stay (23.8%). Medication omission (43.51%), dosage mistakes (13.79%), and data entry errors (12.08%) were the three most common kinds of errors across all ward specialties.  Medication errors pose significant challenges to patient safety and healthcare quality. By understanding the various types of medication errors, identifying their root causes, and implementing proactive prevention strategies, healthcare providers can mitigate risks and improve medication safety for all patients.

Background: Low back pain is a very common condition, about 90% of people suffer from it at some point in their lives. Low back pain remains a significant health problem in terms of low quality of life, loss of work, cost of evaluation and varied treatment approaches. Treatment of low backache not only includes treating it symptomatically, but also treating the underlying pathology so that the patient gets satisfactory and lasting relief. Several researchers have indicated that vitamin D deficiency may be possibly related to chronic low back pain. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D levels and idiopathic low back pain in patients and to examine its effects on pain. Material & Methods:  This was a prospective observational study done at Government Medical College, Jammu on 200 patients who visited the out patient department of orthopaedics with complaints of idiopathic non specific low back pain for a period of atleast 3 months or more. Fasting venous blood samples were withdrawn and subjected to an automated chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) analyser to estimate serum Vit D3 levels. Results: Out of 200 patients, around 80 % patients of the patients were found to have inadequate VitD3 levels with 63% of patients being deficient while the rest 17% had insufficient Vit D levels. Conclusion: Evaluation as well as management strategy of Chronic low back ache patients is multidisciplinary. Clinical guidelines for the management of chronic low back pain should include an evaluation of the patient’s vitamin D3 status.