Mucormycosis is one of the uncommon fungal contaminations, which has a high pace of bleakness and mortality. Its illness causing fungus is Mucormycetes and it has a place with the request Mucorales, subphylum Mucoromycotina. As the illness is uncommon, it is truly challenging to lead enormous, randomized clinical preliminaries. The information with respect to the study of disease transmission, finding, and treatment, is just made accessible through different case reports and case series. Mucormycotina saprobes are most ordinarily found in bad matter or soils. The board of the illnesses relies upon exact conclusion and brief treatment incorporating antifungal specialists alongside careful intercession with the elaborate tissues. Numerous new specialists with restorative impact against Mucorales are under assessment over chronicled and demonstrated first line treatment of amphotericin B-based medications or Posaconazole. Subsequently, in this article, I have summed up the insight concerning the mucormycosis i.e Dark Organism their sorts, beginning, treatment, determination, avoidances, various medications utilized for its treatment and their incidental effects. This audit shows an unmistakable outline of the Mucormycosis and its treatment.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of ultrasound (US) as a predictor of Objective: In ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), the occurrence of coronary no-reflow is linked to a poor clinical prognosis. An unregulated systemic inflammatory response is significant, even if its pathogenesis is not entirely understood. In patients with acute STEMI who had primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), we sought to investigate the association between platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and no-reflow. Method: The study comprised 100 STEMI patients who were also receiving PPCI at Sheikh Bhikhari Medical College, Hazaribagh within 2 years (May 2019 to May 2021) of enrollment. To measure the left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) and wall motion score index, a transthoracic echocardiographic examination was conducted. Before PPCI, blood samples were checked for platelet and lymphocyte counts. In myocardial infarction grade ≤II, no-reflow was characterised as coronary blood flow thrombolysis. Results: Following PPCI, no-reflow was seen in 57 (28%) of the STEMI patients. PLR was substantially greater in the no-reflow group compared to the normal reflow group (213±93 vs. 101.5±51.2, respectively, P<0.0002) and in hypertension patients compared to normotensive patients (144.6±91.5 vs. 109.0±47.0, respectively, P0.002). PLR (β: 0.484, 95% CI: 0.005-0.002, P<0.001) and LV EF (β: 0.271, 95% CI: 0.008-0.033, P<0.002) were identified as independent predictors of no-reflow following PPCI by logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: In STEMI patients, the no-reflow phenomenon during PPCI is predicted by a rise in PLR prior to the procedure.

Background: Anterior urethral stricture disease is a common urological condition that causes lower urinary tract obstruction and significantly affects patients’ quality of life. Direct Vision Internal Urethrotomy (DVIU) is a widely performed minimally invasive treatment; however, recurrence remains a major limitation. Identifying factors associated with recurrence is essential for appropriate patient selection and optimizing long-term outcomes. Aim: To evaluate the predictors of recurrence following Direct Vision Internal Urethrotomy in patients with anterior urethral stricture disease. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Urology, Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Kalaburagi, from January 2020 to June 2020. A total of 50 adult male patients with anterior urethral stricture disease undergoing DVIU were enrolled. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics, stricture aetiology, site, length, previous urethral interventions, and associated risk factors were recorded. Patients were followed at regular intervals after surgery to assess recurrence. The reappearance of obstructive urinary symptoms with radiological or endoscopic evidence of recurrent stricture or the need for repeat intervention defined recurrence. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0. Variables associated with recurrence were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The majority of patients were aged 41–50 years (32.0%), and idiopathic strictures (36.0%) were the most common etiology. Bulbar urethral strictures accounted for 72.0% of cases, while 48.0% of patients had strictures measuring 1–2 cm. The overall recurrence rate following DVIU was 32.0%. Patients with stricture length >2 cm, penile urethral strictures, and a history of previous urethral instrumentation had significantly higher recurrence rates (p<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression identified these variables as independent predictors of recurrence. A significant improvement in postoperative maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) was observed following DVIU. Conclusion: Direct Vision Internal Urethrotomy provides effective short-term relief in patients with anterior urethral stricture disease; however, recurrence remains frequent. Stricture length greater than 2 cm, penile urethral location, and previous urethral instrumentation are significant predictors of recurrence. Careful patient selection, appropriate counseling, and consideration of early urethroplasty in high-risk patients may improve long-term treatment outcomes.