Background: Medical education in India is very stressful. Psychological well-being of medical undergraduate students may help them to deal with this stress. Aims and Objectives: To estimate prevalence of stressors and psychological well-being among medical undergraduate students. To determine the association between various socio-demographic characteristics and socio-economic status with stress and psychological well-being. Material and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among medical undergraduate students of Government medical College. A Google form with participants information sheet, socio-demographic information, modified Kuppuswamy’s socio-economic status scale, Medical Students Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ) with 40 items, and 18 item version of Ryff’s psychological well-being scale were sent to all 500 students. Descriptive statistics was used to describe socio-demographic characteristics, stressors and psychological well-being. Bivariate correlation analysis was used to assess determine association between socio-demographic characteristics, stressors, stress and psychological well-being. Results: The overall response rate was 60.6% (303 out of 500 students). Mean age of undergraduate medical students was 20.74±1.796. 50.2% of students were males, and 47.9% were females. 83.5% of students were Hindu. 47.5% of students were from upper middle socio-economic status. Mild, moderate, severe and very severe stress was found in 32.0%, 39.6%, 23.4% and 5.0% of the students respectively. High psychological well-being was found in 97.4% of the students. Significant correlation of stress in medical undergraduate students was found with socio-economic status, residence, father and mother relationship, relation with parents, dealing with daily stress, exercise time, internet time, memory and attention problems and sleep difficulties. Psychological well-being is significantly associated with intra and inter personal stressors, group activities and social related stressors but not with academic and teaching learning related stressors. Conclusions: Medical undergraduate students need social, intra and inter personal relationships skills training. Workshops and group activities need to be conducted on the large scale at college and community levels. Special arrangements need to be done for students from rural areas, with disturbed family relations and lower socio-economic status.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

Introduction: Lithium along with imipramine has a pivotal role in Psychopharmacology in disease like mania, schizo affective disorders etc. Lithium being on ion is unique and it possesses narrow therapeutic index. Aim & Objectives: Imipramine as Coad ministered with Lithium in Psychiatric disorder. In previous studies found to lower the C_max & T_{max .} Further, loperamide is commonly used OTC drugs for various GIT problems. This study was planned to evaluate loperamide   effect on Lithium bioavailability in healthy volunteers. Material & Methods: 30 normal human volunteers were enrolled & randomised in 3 groups of 10 each. Assigned drug to the particular group was administer and samples to estimate lithium were taken & serum level of lithium were determined by using ion selective electrode(Synchron EL-ise). Objectives & Results: Loperamide accentuated the imipramine induced reduction in absorption rate of Lithium, as evidenced by a further reduction in C_max & increased in T_max. Fall in AUC of lithium has also been observed. Conclusion: Sustained release preparation of lithium to retard   its absorption & minimize the drug interaction of Lithium seems the only solution.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

The skin is represented as the Mirror of the Mind which responds to both endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Psychodermatology is a recent subfield of Psychosomatic Medicine which addresses the interaction between Mind(Psyche) and skin. The two disciplines are interconnected at the embryonal level by their origin from ectoderm and influenced by reciprocal action of neuroendocrine and immune systems. Patients with cutaneous disorders face emotional problems like shame, distorted self-image and a reduced self-esteem. The impact on the individual depends   on   various   factors   which   include   the   patient’s   Sociocultural background, demographic profile, personality of the patient, life stressors and how the disease is perceived by others in society. Therefore this study was done to know the Impact of Vitiligo on Psychiatric Manifestations and to assess the frequency and pattern of psychiatric illness in patients with vitiligo and to assess the relationship of Psychiatric illness, Life Stressors, Hostility and Direction of Hostility and Quality of Life in Patients with Vitiligo. Materials and Methods: 70 patients clinically diagnosed to have vitiligo between 18 and 65 years of age  attending the Outpatient Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee medical college & research institute were enrolled for the study.  A detailed clinical history including age, sex, socio-economic status, occupation, duration of the disease, marital status, other co-morbidities and any other psychiatric co-morbidities was taken. Results: Most patients were between 36 and 50 years of age (39%). 47.1% of the population were males and 52.9% were females. Majority of the patients i.e. 68.6% belonged to Upper Lower Socioeconomic status. 70% were suffering from Nonsegmental type/Generalised type whereas 30% suffering from Localised/Segmental type of vitiligo. Among the 49 patients who had psychiatric illness the most common psychiatric illness was major depression constituting 31.4% followed by generalized anxiety disorder constituting 11.4%, mixed anxiety 8.6%, dysthymia 7.1%. Conclusion: The study findings revealed that no difference in gender was found in prevalence of psychiatric illness among the patients with Vitiligo. Major depression disorder was the most frequent psychiatric disorder seen in patients with vitiligo. Longer duration of vitiligo was associated with increased prevalence of   psychiatric illness. Patients with vitiligo who had psychiatric illness had a lower quality of life when compared to those who did not have psychiatric illness.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

Tinea corporis is a superficial fungal infection of keratin tissue caused by Dermatophytes. It is exceedingly common worldwide. It is very common in tropics and may present in epidemic proportions in areas with high rate of humidity, over population, and poor hygienic conditions. Hence the present study was undertaken to find out the clinical patterns of Tinea corporis and to find out fungal species causing Tinea corporis in Bangaluru. Materials and Methods: One hundred patients clinically presenting with Tinea corporis attending the Dermatology outpatient Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee medical college & research institute were enrolled for the study. Scraping was taken from scaly plaques and papules over the glabrous skin excluding groin for KOH mount and fungal culture. Results: Out of 100 patients, maximum were in the age group of 16-30 years (44%), male to female ratio was 1.6:1 . Annular type was the commonest clinical type (45%), followed by Tinea incognito (7%) and Bullous type (4%). Overall positivity by culture was 40%, and direct microscopy (KOH) 96% . T. rubrum was the predominant species isolated(31%) followed by T. mentagrophyte (8%), 54.0% of culture report showed no growth. Conclusion: Tinea corporis annular type was the commonest clinical type followed by Tinea incognito and bullous type. Trichophyton rubrum was the commonest organism isolated. The present study showed no significant difference in the clinical type, the age distribution, sex distribution and etiological agents causing Tinea corporis infection in this part of  Karnataka in agreement with reports from other parts of India.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.

Background: Essential newborn care and appropriate referral are major determinants of the survival and well-being of the newborns. This study was conducted to find the newborn care practices in an urban community and to explore the associated factors. Methods: The present community based cross sectional study was conducted upon children born within past six months in the Tangra area of Kolkata. Mothers were interviewed using pretested proforma. The research was carried out between January 2024 to June 2024. The statistical data were analyzed using SPSS V.25.0 and Microsoft Excel. Results: Mean age of the mothers was 27.4±3.2 years. Almost 112 (74.67%) mothers lived in joint families. Maximum mothers i.e. 112 (74.67%) were having >4 ANC visits, TT coverage was 138 (92%) and all deliveries were institutional delivery. About 98 (65.33%) newborn was cared by their mothers while rest were taken care of by the grandmother and father. Rooming in was well practiced by 142 (94.67%) mothers. Almost 122 (81.33%) children were kept warm by keeping them close to their mothers. 100% of children were given vaccine at birth and umbilical stump hygiene was maintained in 108 (72%) cases. Early initiation of breastfeeding was done in 84 (56%) newborns, colostrum was given to 78 (52%) children and exclusive breastfeeding was done in 72 (48%). Conclusions: The methods used to care for newborns are far from optimal. Therefore, behavior change communication and other strategies should be used to encourage parents and others to exercise correct behavior.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.